Short Answer

In North Carolina, the personal representative (PR) of the estate must identify all assets and file a 90-day inventory with the Clerk of Superior Court. If no one has opened the estate, an interested person can ask the Clerk to appoint a PR or file an estate proceeding to examine someone believed to hold the decedent’s property. For nonprobate assets (like life insurance and retirement), beneficiary designations control; the child’s right depends on paternity and who was named. Act quickly if the child was born outside marriage because a special notice may be required.

Understanding the Problem

You want to know how, under North Carolina probate law, you can find your child’s deceased father’s bank accounts, insurance, or retirement benefits and determine whether your child can receive them. The father died intestate (no will) and left a surviving spouse. You and the spouse had discussed selling a car for the child’s benefit, but the spouse moved out of state and took no action. This question focuses on the concrete steps to identify assets and protect your child’s rights.

Apply the Law

Under North Carolina law, the Clerk of Superior Court oversees estates. A qualified personal representative (administrator) is responsible for finding the decedent’s assets, safeguarding them, and filing a sworn inventory within three months. Interested persons, including a parent of a minor heir, may ask the Clerk to appoint a PR if none has qualified, review the estate file, and—when needed—ask the Clerk to compel an inventory or accounting. An estate proceeding can also be used to examine someone reasonably believed to possess the decedent’s property. Nonprobate assets (life insurance, retirement plans, payable-on-death accounts) pass by beneficiary designation. A child’s inheritance from an intestate estate depends on kinship and, if the child was born outside marriage, on paternity and a timely notice of claim. A child under 21 may also qualify for a statutory year’s allowance.

Key Requirements

• Personal representative’s duty: The PR must identify, collect, and inventory estate assets within three months and safeguard them.
• Interested person remedies: If no PR has qualified or information is withheld, an interested person can seek appointment of a PR, compel an inventory/accounting, or file a proceeding to examine a person holding estate property.
• Beneficiary‑designated assets: Life insurance and retirement benefits usually pay to the named beneficiary; they are not controlled by intestacy unless no beneficiary is in place.
• Paternity and notice (if child born outside marriage): The child must be legally recognized as the decedent’s child, and a notice of claim of succession may be required within six months after the PR publishes or posts notice to creditors.
• Child’s year’s allowance: A child under 21 can apply for a statutory allowance from the estate for support, separate from inheritance shares.

What the Statutes Say

• N.C. Gen. Stat. § 28A-15-12 (Proceeding to discover assets) – Allows an estate proceeding to examine a person believed to possess estate property and to order delivery.
• N.C. Gen. Stat. § 28A-20-1 (Inventory within three months) – Requires the PR to file a sworn inventory of estate assets within three months of qualification.
• N.C. Gen. Stat. § 29-19 (Inheritance by child born out of wedlock) – Sets paternity requirements and a six‑month notice to claim succession after notice to creditors.
• N.C. Gen. Stat. § 30-17 (Child’s year’s allowance) – Provides a support allowance for children under 21 from the estate.

Analysis

Apply the Rule to the Facts: Because the father died intestate with a surviving spouse, a PR must be appointed to gather assets and file the 90‑day inventory. If no one has qualified, you, as an interested person and parent of a minor heir, can ask the Clerk to appoint a PR so the inventory process starts. If the child was born outside marriage, confirm paternity and calendar the six‑month notice to claim succession once the PR publishes or posts the creditor notice. For life insurance or retirement, check whether the child is a named beneficiary; otherwise, those assets may not pass to the child.

Process & Timing

1. Who files: You (as an interested person/parent of a minor heir). Where: Clerk of Superior Court, Estates Division, in the decedent’s county of residence in North Carolina. What: Application for Letters of Administration (official AOC form), and once appointed, the PR files the 90‑Day Inventory and Affidavit of Notice to Creditors. When: The PR must file the inventory within three months of qualifying.
2. If a PR already exists: Review the public estate file at the Clerk’s office. If the inventory is missing or incomplete, file a petition to compel inventory/accounting. For specific third parties (e.g., a bank, employer, or former spouse) believed to have estate property or records, file a proceeding to discover assets; the Clerk can set a prompt examination and order delivery.
3. Nonprobate benefits and child support: Contact the decedent’s employer HR/benefits office, known insurers, and any plan administrators to ask about beneficiary designations and claims. Search North Carolina’s unclaimed property database. If your child is under 21, apply with the Clerk for a child’s year’s allowance. If the child was born outside marriage, file the required notice of claim of succession within the six‑month window after creditor notice.

Exceptions & Pitfalls

• Beneficiary designations control life insurance and retirement benefits; the child inherits those only if named or if the asset is payable to the estate.
• If no PR is appointed, banks and insurers may refuse to release information. Seek appointment of a PR or use a discovery-of-assets proceeding.
• For a child born outside marriage, missing the six‑month notice after creditor publication can bar intestate rights from the father’s estate.
• Expect privacy hurdles; have death certificates and proof of authority ready. Keep requests narrowly tailored to accounts or plans you can reasonably identify.
• Funds payable to a minor typically require a fiduciary to receive them (e.g., guardian of the estate or approved alternative). Plan for that before money is released.

Talk to a Probate Attorney

If you’re trying to locate a decedent’s accounts or benefits and protect a minor child’s share, our firm has experienced attorneys who can help you understand your options and timelines. Call us today.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about North Carolina law based on the single question stated above. It is not legal advice for your specific situation and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws, procedures, and local practice can change and may vary by county. If you have a deadline, act promptly and speak with a licensed North Carolina attorney.