Dec292025
Probate Q&A Series

Do I have to disclose a known easement-related foundation defect to buyers? – North Carolina

Short Answer

In North Carolina, a seller generally must disclose known problems that fall within the items covered by the state’s Residential Property Disclosure Statement, including foundation and other structural components. A damaged retaining wall tied to a sewer easement issue can also affect land-use restrictions or notices affecting the property, which may trigger disclosure depending on what is actually known. Even when a seller chooses the “no representation” option on the disclosure form, the safest practice is to avoid any false statements and to correct the disclosure promptly if new information makes a prior disclosure materially inaccurate.

Understanding the Problem

In North Carolina, can a trustee selling trust-owned residential real estate to raise cash for creditor claims omit disclosure of a known retaining wall or foundation-related problem connected to a sewer easement? Does the duty change when the seller is acting in a fiduciary role after a death and the property is being sold as part of an administration plan rather than a typical voluntary sale? The decision point is whether the seller has actual knowledge of a condition that the state disclosure process requires to be disclosed, or whether the seller will instead make “no representations” as allowed on the standard form.

Apply the Law

North Carolina’s residential property disclosure law generally requires an “owner” selling covered residential property to give the buyer a state-required disclosure statement. The disclosure focuses on what the owner actually knows about the property’s condition and certain restrictions or notices affecting it. Structural issues (including foundation-related issues) are specifically within the scope of the disclosure topics, and the form also addresses land-use restrictions and notices from governmental agencies that affect the property. North Carolina law also allows an owner, for most items, to choose to make “no representations” rather than answering “yes” or “no,” which can limit the duty to disclose conditions the owner does not actually know about.

Key Requirements

  • Covered transfer and required form: If the sale is a covered residential transfer, the seller must provide the standard Residential Property Disclosure Statement (and, when applicable, the owners’ association disclosure statement and the mineral/oil and gas disclosure statement).
  • Actual knowledge drives disclosure: For items the seller answers, the disclosure is based on what the seller actually knows about the property’s characteristics and condition, including structural components such as the foundation and related structural features.
  • Correct material inaccuracies: If a disclosure becomes materially inaccurate after delivery (because the seller discovers an inaccuracy or circumstances change), the seller must promptly deliver a corrected disclosure statement.

What the Statutes Say

Analysis

Apply the Rule to the Facts: The trust (through its trustee) is selling real property after a death to generate funds to pay creditor claims, and there is known damage to a retaining wall tied to a past sewer easement issue. Because the disclosure topics include the foundation and other structural components, a known retaining wall failure or related structural instability typically fits within the kind of condition the disclosure process is designed to address. If the trustee has actual knowledge of the defect and its cause (or has documents showing the easement-related issue), the safest approach is to disclose what is actually known and, if relying on professional evaluations, attach those written reports rather than guessing.

Process & Timing

  1. Who files: The seller (here, the trustee signing on behalf of the trust). Where: Delivered to the buyer as part of the contract process; the closing is typically handled through a closing attorney in North Carolina. What: The North Carolina Residential Property Disclosure Statement required by the North Carolina Real Estate Commission, plus any attachments such as an engineer’s or contractor’s written report about the retaining wall and any available documentation about the sewer easement issue. When: Provide the disclosure early in the transaction, consistent with the contract process, so the buyer can evaluate the condition before becoming locked into deadlines.
  2. Update if needed: If new information comes in (for example, a new inspection report or a new failure of the wall) that makes an earlier disclosure materially inaccurate, deliver a corrected disclosure promptly.
  3. Close with the right deed approach: In fiduciary sales after a death, sellers often try to limit personal exposure by using a deed form that avoids broad personal warranties; the deed choice should match the contract terms and the fiduciary’s authority.

Exceptions & Pitfalls

  • Assuming “fiduciary sale” means “no disclosure”: Selling as a trustee (or in an administration-driven sale) does not automatically remove the disclosure obligations that apply to covered residential transfers.
  • Using “no representation” incorrectly: The “no representation” option can reduce the duty to disclose unknown conditions, but it is not a license to hide known structural problems or to make statements that are misleading in context.
  • Overstating certainty about cause: If the trustee knows the wall is damaged but does not know whether the sewer easement caused it, the disclosure should stick to what is actually known and can be supported by documents or professional reports.
  • Not attaching available reports: North Carolina law allows reliance on written reports from licensed professionals and public agencies; failing to attach them can lead to avoidable disputes about what was known and when.
  • Failing to correct after new information: If an inspection, engineer evaluation, or new movement of the wall makes an earlier disclosure materially inaccurate, failing to promptly correct can create contract and disclosure problems.

Conclusion

In North Carolina, a seller of covered residential property generally must provide the state-required disclosure statement and disclose known conditions within its scope, including foundation and other structural component issues. A known retaining wall defect tied to an easement-related event commonly fits within those disclosure topics. If new information makes a prior disclosure materially inaccurate, the seller must promptly deliver a corrected disclosure statement. Next step: complete the Residential Property Disclosure Statement and attach any existing written engineer/contractor or agency reports describing the retaining wall condition.

Talk to a Probate Attorney

If a trust sale after a death must happen to pay creditor claims and the property has a known easement-related retaining wall or structural problem, an attorney can help coordinate the sale, the fiduciary duties, and the required North Carolina disclosures. Call us today at (919) 341-7055.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about North Carolina law based on the single question stated above. It is not legal advice for your specific situation and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws, procedures, and local practice can change and may vary by county. If you have a deadline, act promptly and speak with a licensed North Carolina attorney.

Category: Probate Q&A Series

Author: jpierce

Attorney Jared Pierce is the founder of Pierce Law Group in Raleigh, North Carolina, a firm he established with a dedicated focus on probate administration and estate planning across North Carolina. Born and raised in the Republic of South Africa, Jared moved to Durham with his family in 2001, bringing with him a rich cultural background and a distinctive accent that often serves as a conversation starter.